The primary symptom noticed by most people is a cat that is no longer eating well (anorexia). In some cases, there will be weight loss, a poor haircoat, halitosis (bad breath), or a pet that seems ill in general. These cats are also painful around the mouth, and resist being petted there, and might even cry out in pain.
A diagnosis is made by one of our veterinarians when you bring in your pet for an exam. During the oral part of the exam our doctor will notice inflammation of the gums and tissue in the oral cavity. A definitive (positive) diagnosis is made by taking a biopsy of the tissue and sending it to a veterinary pathologist. This step is important because other diseases, especially cancer, can mimic this one.
This is an example of the seriously inflamed gums that occur in this disease.
It is caused by a specific reaction in the immune system, similar to, but not exactly like, allergies. It is also caused by the Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) and the Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV). We can easily test for these diseases with our in-hospital laboratory.
There are several different therapies, used by themselves or in combination, used to treat this disease.
1. AntibioticsFor most people we chose liquid antibiotics due to their ease of administration in cats, not to mention cats whose mouths are in pain. To help ease administration only a small amount of antibiotic is needed. One of our technicians will demonstrate the proper method of administration.
We chose antibiotics that are safe and specific for the type of bacteria that are adding to the problem. They are given for one week initially, and are refilled after your pet's one week recheck. They will be used periodically during the course of this disease as the problem flares up in the future. We will sometimes vary them for greater effectiveness.
2. Cortisone
A common cortisone preparation to use in this disease is DepoMedrol. It is given by injection, and lasts anywhere from several weeks to several months. It is a tremendous help in reducing the inflammation, and can be the difference between a pet that eats and one that doesn't. Because it is a potent medication, your cat must have a blood sample checked every 6 months while it is on this medication. A baseline blood sample is taken first so we have a comparison for when future blood samples are taken. As time goes on, some cats do not respond to this medication as well, and need the injection more frequently or in a greater dose.
Other cortisone type medications are used in this disease also. They are given at the discretion of the doctor since every pet is unique and responds to medications in different ways.
3. Interferon
Interferon is used for its ability to help stimulate the immune system. This works well in some cats, although it is a relatively new therapy and has not proven itself in the long run. For a cat that is not responding to other medications it is well worth trying this drug. It is inexpensive and given in small amounts.
4. Tooth Removal
In cases that don't respond to medical therapy we recommend removing the teeth that are associated with the inflamed gums. If nothing else works, or your pet is showing side effects to the medication that is routinely used (particularly cortisone), this procedure makes sense. It can be a highly effective way to minimize the problem. Most cats feel significantly better when these teeth are removed. Your doctor will let you know if it is an appropriate therapy to use for your pet.
Every ill pet benefits from proper nutrition and husbandry. There are some specific Prescription Diet foods that are fed to keep your pets weight up and give it the strength to fight this problem. Ask your doctor if one of them is appropriate for your situation.
In a chronic disease like Lymphoplasmocytic gingivitis it can be frustrating to give proper medication and care on a long term basis. It is important to understand that this disease is not cured, it is only controlled, sometimes quite effectively. It is important that you make your pet's care a high priority and give medication as prescribed. It is also important to bring your cat in for an exam at least every 6 months, and even more often in some situations.
Always let us know if you are having difficulty giving medication or following our recommendations. We have extensive experience in diseases of animals, and can help you with your unique situation. Never hesitate to call us with questions, or bring your pet in for an exam if you think it is having a problem or are unsure of what to do because we are all part of your pet's health care team
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